Hobson’s Choice Summary Essay

The class divisions of the 1880s are clear to see in the little scene when Alice, Vickey and Hobson find out Maggie intends to marry Willie. Alice says, ‘what you do touches us’ and this is true, as Maggie’s marriage to a man from a lower social class would be seen by many as a disgrace. Hobson says that Willie’s father was a ‘work-house brat’ and that he would be the laughing stock of Salford if he allowed Maggie to marry one of his workmen. At this stage, Maggie does not seem to be thinking about starting up in business on her own, merely working in the shop as before but being paid for it. Willie seems to be a down-trodden, easily intimidated man. He has no doubt been bullied by Hobson for years. Hobson however misunderstands Willie when he takes his belt to him as this physical insult changes Willie immediately who is outrage and, in his temper, kisses Maggie. Hobson is amazed and doesn’t know how to respond. ACT TWO Scene One Act Two opens a month after Maggie and Willie have left Hobson’s. The business is obviously in trouble and Alice and Vickey are finding it hard to manage things without Maggie. We learn that they have lost a lot of their high-class trade. Alice doesn’t know how to organise the work in the workshop and tells Tubby to carry on making clogs. Hobson is spending more of his time in the Moonraker’s. Alice is finding it difficult to balance the books. This brief scene serves to prepare us for the decline of Henry Hobson and the rise of Willie Mossop. Vickey and Alice wish they were married and their plans will soon be furthered as a result of their father’s excessive drinking. Scene Two Maggie announces that she has heard of the relationship between Vickey and Freddy. She sends Freddy to fetch Albert Prosser. Freddy explains that Hobson has fallen down their cellar trap and is unhurt but sound asleep on some bags. Notice how quickly Maggie thinks. She has just met Freddy outside Hobson’s shop and from what he has told her, immediately works out a plan to get money out of Hobson for the weddings of her sisters. Scene Three We learn in this scene that Willie now has his own shop. Maggie is obviously proud of the progress they have made in such a short time. She is determined that Willie will be treated with respect as part of the family and makes her sisters kiss him as a token of their acceptance of the situation. Maggie is also quick to cut Alice down to size when Alice says, scornfully, ‘Willie Mossop was our boot hand’. She is quick to point out that Willie is master of his own business and her sisters are just shop assistants. Maggie announces that she and Willie will be married at one o’clock at St. Philip’s church. She buys a brass ring to use as a wedding ring. This shows that Maggie has her feet firmly on the ground as she is not prepared to waste money on sentiment when they need all the money they can to get their business off the ground. Willie and Maggie use a hand-cart to take away some of Hobson’s old and unused furniture. Alice and Vickey are appalled that Maggie is willing to live in two cellars using secondhand furniture. Alice and Vickey clearly want to start married life with everything new and this shows the difference between them and Maggie. Vickey’s selfish streak is apparent when she sees the two broken chairs Will is carrying out and immediately resents Maggie having them. Maggie has always been confident and in this scene is even more sure of herself. Her language is the language of command. When Alice tries to tell her that she doesn’t know what she is aiming at, Maggie replies swiftly, ‘The difference between us is that I do. I always did’. There are also signs in this scene that Willie is growing in confidence from the timid, frightened, dirty workman who first appeared.

Comparative Analysis of Islamic and Conventional Bank Risk Essay

The decline of the religion has been attributed into modern times with a materialistic culture by the popular wisdom of today, the understanding of religion has embedded this view, as nature having only spiritual limits, and the worldly well being of an individual is very detached in this relation. However, this understanding of Islam religion has been misguided by many of among us in the past, as well as in the present. A critical role has been played by every religion regarding the guidance to survive in a society communally, and in the characterization of different markets of that time. In the religious regards, equal distribution of wealth and debt annulment was preached and emphasized by every religion in the past. The enforcement of the debt bond has been strongly rejected by all the beliefs and the concept of canceling the debt have been upheld by them. In the past, in order to satisfy and fulfill the financial needs of devout and pious Muslims, a concept of money depository was introduced in the Islamic civilization, which has now become a growing phenomenon of the world, that is, around 1. 6 billion Muslims in the world. The macro-economic properties of banking institution have been studies by many economists with relation to an ideal and isolated Islamic economy framework. In modern days, the working of this pioneering financial system is going on very effectively in various parts of the world. In many developed and under-developed countries, the other conventional banking systems are having this unique financing system besides them in every sector of the economy. In this regard, the comparative analysis has been done in this study, which will try to differentiate the Islamic banking system with the Conventional ones. In this study, we will try to understand and clarify the demarcation between the Islamic and Conventional Banking and the risks that are borne by these methods of banking. A financial intermediary having the aims and objectives related to the principles of Islamic law or ‘Shariah’ may be defined as an Islamic Banking System. Consequently, the zero-interest activities and operations are the key features of this distinctive banking system. However, eliminating the transactions based on interest is not the only objective of Islamic banking. The abolishment of all kinds of exploitation is also another aspect of Islamic banking system. In result, a balanced and unbiased social order is established by the system in this regard. Only the role of financier is not played by an Islamic bank. It also works as a partner in the business of an individual. Due to this, the risk between the capital owner and the entrepreneurs is involved by this system. However, the positive result of the collective efforts is also shared by the Islamic banking. Thus, the other conventional banking and interest-based system differs from the Islamic banking, as only the entrepreneur or the owner of the capital bears the risk in the conventional banking, and vice versa. However, the individual and bank shares the abovementioned with each other, which provides the entrepreneur to develop as a whole. In other way, participatory banking name can be given to the Islamic banking in this regard. In the Islamic economics, zero return on capital is not meant by the eliminating process of the interest in this unique banking system, as the pre-determination of a fixed return is forbidden for a certain amount of production in the Islamic laws. The equity based investment principle is followed by the Islamic banks. The contraction of the resources based on deals relating to the sharing of risks, and the ventures of capital is also proposed by the Islamic banking. It has been noted by the economists that economic growth and development of an individual becomes applicable and easy with the vital role that is played by the Islamic banks around the world. We can say that a relationship between finance, commerce, and industry is tried and developed by this exclusive banking system, which differs from the other conventional banking due to these characteristics of its system. The Islamic banking plays its role as an equity-based system, where the pre-determined interest rate is excluded, and the nominal value of deposits is not guaranteed. In result, changing values of the share deposits absorbs the shock to asset position immediately. Therefore, in such system, the assets and liabilities of bank will carry the same real value at all the points. However, in the more traditional and conventional banking system, a diversion can be caused between the real assets and liabilities by such shocks in the process of fixed nominal value of deposits. Therefore, the abovementioned features of this Islamic banking differs it from the traditional and conventional banking system, and so, various levels of risks are borne by these systems. Nowadays, many countries are trying to examine the possibilities of the introduction of an interest-free banking system based on the Islamic laws and principles. It has also been argued and discussed that if the Islamic financial system will be established in the various countries, it will be feasible, but also profitable for the individuals, as well as, the companies as a whole. These days, the truth of interest as an unbearable burden is being realized by the Western countries, as well as, the developing countries around the world. In this regard, all the interests have been waived by the Canada. A similar move has been made by the Australia. The suggestion of waiving off the 30 to 35% of the present interests of the debt has been officially given by the President of France. Therefore, it may be generalized that Islamic Banking and Financing System is a unique and distinctive system, which differs from the conventional banking systems around the world. In order to make a more detailed comparative view of the working and risks borne by the Islamic and Conventional Banking Systems, we will try to analyze with the help of data that represents the comparison between these two financial systems that are applied and practiced around the world. There are some different and diverse characteristics of the abovementioned two banking systems, which should be discussed in order to clarify the comparison between them. In the Islamic Financing system, the number of customers is less than the Marketing-based financing system. The ownership of the Islamic Banking is usually taken by the local or foreign individuals. However, only the local shareholders enjoy the ownership in the conventional banking system. In the Islamic banking, the integration of different activities is very high as compared to the traditional banking system. Lastly, the Islamic financing system has the high intensity of managing and bearing the risk internally, as well as externally. However, the risk is managed and borne by the Marketing-based financing system less internally and externally. Risk sharing is closely related to the risk management; no matter it may be external or internal in its nature. Development of close ties between the customers, and other interest groups may bring the risk externalization by an organization. It has also been indicated by various economists that one contributing factor that is related to the risk management is the long-term relations, which are made on the mutual dependence in an organization. From the different studies related to the Islamic Financing System, the responsibilities are shared by the junior and the senior staff jointly in organizations. In this case, the higher and lower level of management shares the risk. However, in the Marketing-based and Conventional Banking system, the internal risk is shared on a lower basis due to the centralization of power and authority, as compared to the Islamic Banking System. Conclusively, a high degree of the sharing of internal risk is characterized during managing the risk management in the Islamic Banking system as compared to the other conventional financing systems. Therefore, there are many differentiation between the Islamic and Traditional Banking systems around the world. Regarding the risk externalization, in the Islamic Banking system, the close lender-borrower relationships are characterized during the lending activities of organizations. The borrowers are also guided by the Islamic bankers apart from lending funds to them. In result, efficient network relationships create the increment of the externalization of risks relating to the partners who exchange in this regard. Therefore, in the Islamic Financing System, the degree of external risk is observed to be high. However, the formal lenders-borrowers relationships are characterized within the Conventional and Marketing-based financing system. In the result, it is a low degree of externalization of risks in this traditional banking system. In this regard, the extent of success of a banking organization is determined by the lender-borrower relationships, where the customers are given credit in this regard. Direct contacts with the various customers are maintained within the Islamic, as well as, the Conventional Financing Systems. The differentiation is observed in the Islamic Banking System while dealing with the financial activities, as the borrowed funds are monitored closely by these bankers, which results in the higher intensity of the lender-borrower relationships. In this regard, the risks are borne on a higher extent by the Islamic Banking system as compared to the conventional ones. However, the bank gets the higher profit as we have tried to discuss it in the abovementioned matter. Conclusively, the issues of fairness and justice are concerned in the Islamic principles that are related to the interest, rather than defining the efficiency narrowly. The focus is placed on the necessity of sharing the risk in a stable condition with the help of these principles, as well as, at the time of exploitation of the markets. We have also clarified that the Islamic Financing System works on the equity-based projects. However, the conventional ones prefer the debit-based schemes for the lenders and individuals. In an Islamic financing situation, the ownership is shared by the both bank and the client, and in the Conventional banking, all the equity is owned by the client, and the property value plays as a security to the bank loan. We hope that this study will help the scholars and the economists in understanding the role and differentiation of the Islamic & Conventional Banking around the world. Works Cited Ahmad, S. (1992). Towards Interest-Free Banking. New Delhi: International Islamic Publishers. Chapra, M. (2000). The Future of Economics: An Islamic Perspective. Leicester, UK: The Islamic Foundation. Dar, A. H. , and Presley, J. R. (1999). Islamic Finance: A Western Perspective. International Journal of Islamic Financial Services. Dar, A. (2002). Islamic House Financing in the United Kingdom: Problems, Challenges, and Prospects. Ahmad, K. (1994). Elimination of Riba: Concepts and Problems, Response to the Supreme Court Questionnaire. Institute of Policy Studies, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Happiness Is A Person s Wellbeing - 938 Words

Definition of Happiness In society happiness is depicted as a person’s wellbeing in terms of wealth and status. The definition can vary due to an individual perception of life. By that being said happiness is not something that can be shown through materialistic things, but more so a person’s state of being internally. In addition to that, happiness can be misinterpreted due to society making happiness be something that only a person who lives lavish or have the attributes of a normal or perfect life. Because happiness is based off of an individualistic view, one cannot judge another person’s happiness in terms of what is or is not happiness in a person’s life. Scholars and society can often view happiness wrong due to the judgement of another person’s life. According to Frey and Stutzer, â€Å"they are argue that several biases combine to cause people to overvalue extrinsic benefits and undervalue intrinsic benefits† (1). Although they point out that people put more effort into wealth and less into family time that does not infer that they are overvaluing extrinsic benefit then intrinsic because one may feel that having wealth is a number one priority because in result to that their family will live comfortable. In addition to that this shows that scholars and society are judging the way a person may value opportunities in their life and how he may sacrifice the more intrinsic value than the extrinsic, but to only ensure that the intrinsic values in his life are taken careShow MoreRelatedPositive Psychology Influencing: The onset of a Positive Lifestyle and Positive Health982 Words   |  4 PagesPositive Psychology Influencing The Onset of a Positive Lifestyle and Positive Health There have been numerous studies in the realm of Positive Psychology and the effects it can influence in other sectors of a person’s overall wellbeing, especially in terms of attaining a positive mindset and treatment of negative general disorders, the short term benefits of a positive psychological outlook and the long term health and lifestyle benefits that are produced from it. In a 2006 journal article, ParkRead MoreIdentifying And Understanding The Factors That Shape Health1636 Words   |  7 Pageslife expectancy. 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The Existence Of Beliefs Beyond Doubt Essay - 2214 Words

Renà © Descartes set out in his writing of Meditations on First Philosophy to prove the existence of beliefs beyond doubt. He begins his first meditation by casting all things into doubt, claiming that there is no reason to believe that anything exists at all, including the external world, God, and even his own being. Descartes believes that anything which cannot be cast into doubt must certainly be true, and then goes on to introduce an argument which attempts to prove the existence of God. Though reasonable, to some extent, at the time of its original proposal, his justification has become notorious for its faulty logic. Descartes’ argument in Meditation Three is widely referred to as the Trademark Argument, as he claims that God left his trademark on humans when he created them, as is stated, â€Å"And indeed it is no surprise that God, in creating me, should have placed this idea in me to be, as it were, the mark of the craftsman stamped on his work†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Descar tes 51). Throughout the meditation, Descartes presents serious problems in his reasoning behind many of his proofs; he also employs circular reasoning to justify his main points. At its core, the Trademark Argument holds some key strengths, but does not serve Descartes’ intent of establishing belief beyond doubt and is therefore ineffective in proving the existence of God. Descartes establishes several proofs throughout his Trademark Argument which aim to confirm the ultimate conclusion that there is a God, and in thisShow MoreRelatedDiscourse on Descartes Skeptical Method1672 Words   |  7 PagesDescartes’ Skeptical Method Descartes’ method offers definitive conclusions on certain topics, (his existence, the existence of God)but his reasoning is not without error. He uses three arguments to prove existence (His and God’s) that attempt to solidify his conclusions. 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How Anthropologists Interpret Cave Art - 1381 Words

Anthropology 1AA3 – Critical Analysis Two A prehistoric archaeologist’s goal, as per Scupin and DeCorse (2013:5), is to decipher the beliefs and mindset of past societies, particularly early inhabitants of Europe and America, through their material culture, such as the cave art found in Lascaux. This cave, located in southern France, contains what is believed to be one of the oldest artistic representations of wild animals and art; it has captured the interest of numerous scientists, philosophers and historians, all of whom wish to make sense of these enigmatic images (Lippit 2002:20). With the multitude of minds working to decode these images, it comes as no surprise that there are a variety of unique interpretations of these paintings†¦show more content†¦This mental stress manifests itself in the form of art; the violent nature of the scene is explained by Bataille (1961) to signify humanity’s estrangement from the natural world (as cited in Lippit 20 02:27). All in all, though the actual nature of the struggle is explained differently by the two authors, one conclusion of the significance of Lascaux between the two articles is that it shows the difficulties and challenges of life. Drawing from the previously described interpretation, the cave could be associated with shamanism and held religious significance. Through indirect speculations, another method by which anthropologists interpret cave art, Rheingold (1991) deciphered the scene as one meant to induce â€Å"an altered state of consciousness† to gain knowledge (as cited in Lippit 2002:23). This is essentially what a shaman is; shamans are specialized healers who go-between the spirit world and humans by altering their mental state to accomplish their duties (Miller et al. 2013:199). This would make Lascaux a site of spiritual value. Lechler (1951:283) believed that these cultures believed in totems, which can be connected to healing and shamanism as well. 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Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesNikki Ayana Jones Senior Managing Editor: Judy Leale Production Project Manager: Becca Groves Senior Operations Supervisor: Arnold Vila Operations Specialist: Cathleen Petersen Senior Art Director: Janet Slowik Art Director: Kenny Beck Text and Cover Designer: Wanda Espana OB Poll Graphics: Electra Graphics Cover Art: honey comb and a bee working / Shutterstock / LilKar Sr. Media Project Manager, Editorial: Denise Vaughn Media Project Manager, Production: Lisa Rinaldi Full-Service Project Management:

The Rhetorical Triangle free essay sample

The Rhetorical Triangle I will first define the rhetorical triangle modern there are three elements of the rhetorical triangle modern (speaker audience situations) the rhetorical triangle modern has three equal sections that create the triangular. The speaker is a person that is giving’s an oral message to the listeners†. (Lucas, 2008, p. 17). Character of the speaker also affects the audience in element. The audience is a person of you your presentation or speech. The speaker will need to have a relationship with the audience know who will be your audience the speakers should realizes everybody’s different and everybody’s not going to think the same way. The situation section of the presentation or speech should be considered just as important as the speaker and audience because it also has a hand the victory of the speech or presentation if either element is lacking the presentation or speech will fail. For example when you’re working you’re working for a company everybody has different job titles . We will write a custom essay sample on The Rhetorical Triangle or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ou will work together for the company to be successful such as . The rhetorical triangle modern needs to work together for order to the speech or presentation will be successful. The first video that I watched it† how to change a flat tire step-by-step†. The speaker seemed confident in knowledgeable of the subject of changing a flat tire. The rhetorical triangle was successful in this video the speaker a very calm, the was very hands on show you each part of changing a flat tire. Because I’m a visual learner it my attention during the video. The speaker knew his audience was going to be someone that didn’t how to change a flat tire. The goal of the speaker is to show the person that is viewing the video by changing a flat tire by them. The situation element is they can learn it myself or pay someone to do it for them. My second video that I watched† â€Å"How to Install a Porcelain or Ceramic Tile Floor†. This video is presented by Lowes . because it’s presented by Lowes they will have a knowledgeable person for the video . The element the rhetorical triangle was successful in the video. Because of the speaker knows if they are watching this video they are trying to learn a new craft in the beginners will understand and will be able to learn a new skill. Speaker purpose to teach the audience how to install tile flooring the situation is how to learn to install floor tiling themselves or paying someone else double the work. In the two videos I believe they both instructors are able to teach their subjects but one video was a better presentation and then the other I feel this video was more successful of caption the audience attention it and was very detailed was â€Å"How to Change a Flat Tire-Change a Flat Tire Step by Step†. The second video was â€Å"How to Install a Porcelain or Ceramic Tile Floor did not show how to prep the floors before you install the tile. By not telling the audience how to prep a floor to install the tiles is very important because aching calls menu mistakes in the accident. The video â€Å"how to change a flat tire† what is a great presentation because he physically showed you By step how to change a tire in detail and why you should change this part first the speaker is aware of the their audience of do it themselves would like to install their own floors it instead of paying someone else.

The Austrian Education System free essay sample

The Austrian education system School in Austria is free and public and compulsory for all children for 9 years. The education for children is divided into three main categories which are primary, lower secondary and upper secondary school. Due to the School Act of 1962 a legal basis was set for primary and secondary education. Furthermore, these two school types are managed by the state. Primary education lasts for four years. The Lower Secondary education lasts also four years and the students have the possibility to inscribe for the general secondary or the academic secondary school. Next, upper secondary education lasts for five years. The first school year at upper secondary level is the final year of compulsory school for the Austrian’s majority. Finally, after finishing five years of upper secondary school schoolchildren receive the A-levels which is an entry to higher education for example, university. Apart from that, private schools are mainly provided by the Roman Catholic Church with a small percentage of 10 %. We will write a custom essay sample on The Austrian Education System or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page All in all, Austria has an adequate education system with a variety of schools and educational facilities. Moreover, if students choose the apprenticeship training the Austrian education system offers a job specific training and enables them to gain essential experience during the training period. However, a critical and controversial point, especially in the Lower Secondary school and at University, is that the state pushes a lot of money in the school system but it isn’t used effectively. A reason could be the old school and bureaucratic administration. It is my firm belief that, only a small amount of the state’s donation is used for teaching material. I have experienced that in my science class in the Lower Secondary school. There we had gadgets which were at least 20 years old and didn’t work properly. Besides, there is a lasting lack of teachers who are not sufficient educated. So when it comes to the situation that a teacher has to make a replacement, he is not able to teach the primal subject.